Friday, April 11, 2014

Protecting the Environment and Preparing for a Catastrophe

     Protecting the Environment and Preparing for a Catastrophe



     A Research Paper Presented to The English Resource Center
School of Multimedia Arts
Asia Pacific College
Magallanes, Makati





In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
ERESWRT-Research Writing




Cherith Joy Yucoco
April 2014




Chapter 1: 
Introduction

A. Background of the Study

     Storms are now more frequent than ever. In a study conducted by the Office of the US Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), they noticed a rise in the so-called hydro-meteorological disasters that includes typhoons, hurricanes and floods over the past 25 years.

     Ker Than wrote an article called,"Scientists: Natural Disasters Becoming More Common." In this article, it was discussed how both man-made and natural factors are influencing negative changes in the environment.

  Then says, "Scientists believe that the increase in hydro-meteorological disasters is because of natural and man-made factors. In 1980, about 100 storms are reported each year, but that number ballooned to over 300 a year since 2000" (http://www.livescience.com/414-scientists-natural-disasters-common.html).

  The next years will not get any better due to climate change. Climate change is said to be inevitable. Nations are starting to deal with storms and severe heat that are beyond their capacity to handle. Countries that are prone to typhoons and other natural calamities will most likely feel the effects of climate change earlier than others.

Nathalie Fiset wrote an article entitled: "Climate Change Due to Global Warming." The article was about the different effects and scenarios that one may feel as a result of climate change. The author also included how warm areas will experience warmer weather due to global warming.

 Fiset wrote, "Storms will also occur with more frequency and intensity. Ironically, water in the soil will evaporate faster, causing dryness between rains. Regions that are already considered dry will experience more dryness. (http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com/Article/climate-change----Climate-Changes-Due-to-Global-Warming-/4122)

Climate change is actually not only confined to storms. It can also be applicable to the recent high temperature of heat that we feel when summer arrives. Lately, weather forecasters have been telling us that temperatures may reach up to 40 degrees Celsius or 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

An author named Jonathon Hardcastle wrote an article entitled: "Climate Change-The Coming Crisis." According to this article, the Earth's temperature has increased by 1 degree Fahrenheit over the last century and that it is because of global warming that our planet is heating up.

Hardcastle writes, "Many scientists point to the emission of greenhouse gases as one of the leading reasons that we are undergoing this global change. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are some of the main compounds that we are releasing more and more, causing something known as the ‘Greenhouse Effect'. This occurs due to the fact that these gases tend to trap heat, and when they are released into our upper atmosphere, they trap some of the heat energy that would normally be reflected by our earth's natural processes." (http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com/Article/climate-change----Climate-Change---The-Coming-Crisis-/4050)

As stated earlier, climate change or global warming is inevitable. People in this generation cannot hide or run away from it. It is something that everyone has to go through while on this earth.

  However, the researcher believes that people can do something to ease it's effect on us. People cannot prevent another catastrophe from happening, but they can prepare ahead of time and not be caught off guard.


Having enough information on global warming or climate change, the reader can now be more aware of their surroundings and can share their knowledge about it to other people that has yet to be aware of this phenomenon.

The purpose of this paper is to explain what people can do to protect the environment and prevent disasters.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer:

1. What can people do to protect the environment and prevent disasters?
2. What can people do to prepare for a catastrophe?


C. Significance of the Study

College Students Studying Meteorology. This research paper would be of help to students taking up Meteorology as a course because this will give them an idea on how drastic the weather condition in the different parts of the world has been.

Meteorologist. As the experts when it comes to weather conditions and about the earth's atmosphere, this study would help them understand more about global warming and its effects to people and animals.

Environmentalist. This study will be of benefit to individuals who are all out in preserving  the environment. Here, they will find helpful tips on how, in their own little way, can help reduce the effects of global warming and by making our surrounding a better place to live in.

D. Scope and Delimitation.

      This study will focus on the cause and effect of climate change. How each and everyone of us play a vital role in protecting and preserving the only place where we can live.

      Due to the limited time, the researcher will no longer discuss about weather manipulation and how man tries to use it as a tactic or revenge to other nations. It is insignificant and will only confuse the reader on the real topic that is being discussed.

E. Materials and Methods.

     In this research, the materials used by the researcher to gather information are mostly from articles online and through news articles.

    The data gathered will be presented by emphasizing on the need to start acting now to prevent another catastrophe due to carelessness to the environment.

F. Definition of Terms

1. Climate Change. Refers to changes in a regions overall weather patterns, including precipitation, temperatures, cloud cover, and so on. (http://www.ecolife.com/define/climate-change.html)

2. Global Warming. The recent increase in the world's temperature that is believed to be caused by the increase of certain gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/global%20warming)

3. Hydro-Meteorological. The branch of meteorology that deals with the occurrence, motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hydrometeorological)





  Chapter 2:
 Discussion 

What can we do to raise awareness about protecting the environment and prepare for a catastrophe?

Definition and Ways To Protect the Environment and Prepare for a Catastrophe

Protection is the act of protecting or the state of being protected; preservation from injury or harm. People has the nature to protect something that is important to them. And having only this earth as the most suitable to live in, it is our responsibility to protect and take care of our environment.

In article entitled: "Why Should We Protect Our Environment?" by Niharika Bhati, the author gave different reasons on why we should protect the environment and wrote that our very existence depends on its conservation. It is the entity wherein we all subsist, and where the entire agricultural and industrial development depends. People cannot have a long-term development if they do not have the concern for the environment.

Bhati wrote, "The unprecedented economic progress of 19th and 20th centuries has pushed the environmental and ecological awareness into the background." (http://www.preservearticles.com/201102104008/why-should-we-protect-our-environment.html)

I. Common Environmental Problems

A. Global Warming

There is actually not much that can be done to prevent this phenomenon from happening. Everyday we experience the effects of global warming because of the drastic change of weather, but it is a good thing that people are being educated about it and in return, some are stepping up to address the issue and sharing to others their knowledge about it.

In an article by Larry West entitled, "What is the Greenhouse Effect?", the author explains and introduces another factor in global warming.

West wrote, "Ultimately, more greenhouse gases means more infrared radiation trapped and held, which gradually increases the temperature of the Earth's surface and the air in the lower atmosphere."(http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/greenhouse.html)

Some countries now have laws regarding global warming. Countries, especially affected by it are now becoming sensitive to this matter and are taking legal actions to help fight and at least try to reduce its impact on them.

B. Air pollution

Industrialization is, perhaps, the main culprit for the growing air pollution in many countries. It is good that the more advanced countries are also now focusing on looking on more environment friendly methods of production in order to minimize the effects of industrialization to the environment. Industrial smoke from factories and the smoke from vehicles are now being reduced through the use of other sources of fuel and energy other than fossil fuels.

In an article entitled, "Causes of Air Pollution" by Jerry Coffey, the author gave several main causes of air pollution in our world today and how people continue to not care for their surroundings.

Coffey wrote, "As humans continue to industrialize with a dependence on fossil fuels, we continue to put our planet’s future in jeopardy and shorten the longevity of our species." (http://www.universetoday.com/81977/causes-of-air-pollution/)

 Industries should make a conscious effort to reduce the air pollution they release. Find other alternatives that are more earth and environmentally friendly.

C. Water pollution

One of the major factors in global warming is water pollution. Rivers and lakes are slowly turning into a pile of trash which kills the ecosystem there. Cities all over the world are struggling to keep their water free from any contamination.

In an article entitled, "Water Pollution" by Michael Hogan, the author discussed water pollution is and its effect on the ecosystem.

Hogan wrote, "Widespread consequences of water pollution upon ecosystems include species mortality, biodiversity reduction and loss of ecosystem services." (http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156920/)

People who live near the shores and other bodies of water should learn how to properly dispose their solid and water wastes so that the natural ecosystem will not be contaminated. Environment-friendly detergents, soaps and other solutions should also be used in order to prevent marine life poisoning.

II. Measures that Promote Environmental Protection

 These problems may get out of hand unless people make a conscious effort to protect the environment. There are ways that one can help protect the environment without having to file environmental lawsuits. There are simple ways to protect the environment.

A. Recycling

Simple acts like recycling and segregating trashes are little steps that has a huge contribution to society. Recycling helps mitigate global warming and reduce pollution. Another benefit of learning to recycle is being able to save energy and money.. (http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com/whyisrecyclingimportant/)

According to an article by Erica E. Balk entitled: "Why Is Recycling Important?" the author listed some of the benefits when we practice recycling.

Balk wrote, "Recycling reduces air and water pollution and reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which contribute to global warming." (http://ezinearticles.com/?Why-Is-Recycling-Important?&id=6796562)

People think that recycling, saving energy or simply walking rather than using automobiles to reduce pollution are irrelevant, but those simple gestures are vital in preserving our environment. Each and everyone of us has an important role to play in this world. Let us not limit ourselves, because the power to change things lies in us.

III. Disaster Preparation

 They say that preparation is the key to success. And when it comes to preparing for a catastrophe, it is best that we prepare early. We should not waste time thinking that it will not happen anytime soon. You never know when catastrophe may occur.

A. It Should Start Within Yourself

It is not always that someone will be there to help you once disaster strikes. Even when you are alone, you should know how to be able to survive and help yourself.

In an article by Gary F. Arnet entitled, "Disaster Preparation," the author gave ideas on how we can prepare more efficiently and what possible disasters may occur wherein we can be able to prepare.

Arnet wrote, "Some of us need to be prepared for being at "ground zero." Certain areas are the most likely direct targets of natural disasters. All of us need to be prepared to be indirect targets, those affected by the temporary collapse of our nation's infrastructure."

Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, etc., you name it, all catastrophes will not give signals on when they will happen. People can be caught off guard. This is why preparing for one will be a big help.

B. It Also Starts Within the Community

Preparation can begin at home or within the neighborhood. Whatever we have on hand can be use as a tool help each and everyone in our area to start preparing for the worst case scenario.

Carla R. McMillan wrote in article entitled: "Natural Disasters: Prepare, Mitigate, Manage." Disaster preparedness facilitates the use of all available resources, relief and rehabilitation in the best possible way.

According to McMillan, "Disaster preparedness starts at the local community level; if local resources were insufficient, it would branch out to the national level, and if needed, the international level." (http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/archives/ndht.php)

Having information on how to protect the environment and prepare for a catastrophe, the reader can now have an idea on how they can help fight this problem and contribute to the continuing efforts of different agencies in addressing this global issue.



                                                                  Chapter 3:
                                     Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations   

SUMMARY

This paper attempted to determine how to raise awareness about protecting the environment, prevent disasters and prepare for a catastrophe.

1. Weather conditions have drastically change over the past years. Storms are now frequent than ever and temperatures are starting to rise beyond what we can bear.

2.The coming years will not get any better due to climate change and global warming.

3. Sudden rise in temperature is also the result of climate change.

4. Everyday we experience the consequence of our actions as regards to how we irresponsibly treat our environment.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. That global warming and climate change are inevitable. We cannot stop it from happening, but we can prevent and reduce its effect on us.

2. That each individual can contribute to address this phenomenon and no act is too small.

RECOMMENDATIONS

After drawing the conclusions of the study, the researcher hereby make the following suggestions/recommendations:

1. People who are in support of preserving our planet should continue to look for ways on how they can spread this global campaign

2. People should research and conduct more study regarding climate change and global warming.

REFERENCES

Than, Ker Scientists: Natural Disasters Becoming More Common. Retrieved March 16, 2014 from http://www.livescience.com/414-scientists-natural-disasters-common.htm

Fiset, Nathalie Climate Change Due to Global Warming. Retrieved March 16, 2014 from http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com/Article/climate-change----Climate-Changes-Due-to-Global-Warming-/4122

Hardcastle, Jonathon Climate Change-The Coming Crisis. Retrieved March 16, 2014 from http://www.bestglobalwarmingarticles.com/Article/climate-change----Climate-Change---The-Coming-Crisis-/4050

Bhati, Niharika Why Should We Protect Our Environment? Retrieved April 10, 2014 from http://www.preservearticles.com/201102104008/why-should-we-protect-our-environment.html

McMillan, Carla Natural Disasters: Prepare, Mitigate, Manage. Retrieved April 10, 2014 from http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/archives/ndht.php

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